Volume 1 - Issue 2, May - June 2026

This article offers a critical review of a text on China’s technology policy amidst the backdrop of greater power rivalry, especially its conceptual framing, evidential choices, and causal claims concerning security implications. The review argues that while the source convincingly contextualises China’s innovation trajectory in terms of techno-industrial governance and dual-use “omniuse” technologies, it does not sufficiently operationalise “security implications” or establish empirical benchmarks for causal attribution, nor does it prove (at an acceptable evidentiary level) the alleged effects of military-civil fusion (MCF) and technology-driven supply-chain leverage. The article provides a typology of security-relevant mechanisms (direct military capability, defense-industrial resilience, coercive supply-chain leverage, intelligence or surveillance applications, and escalation risk from technological asymmetry) and applies it to evaluate the coherence and evidential support of the source’s arguments. The review also points to deficits in methodological transparency (especially absent case-selection logic, evidence-toclaim mapping, and counterfactual reasoning) and suggests concrete research designs to move beyond plausibility towards measurable security outcomes. The article ends on a sober note: techno-industrial policy can enable capability-building, even as it creates governance bottlenecks, inefficiencies and geopolitical friction; that said, the claims about security consequences need more robust empirical and methodological underpinnings than the source provides.

Ir Dr Samuel Kwok Piu LIP, Dr. Wing Cheung TANG, "Technological Development in China under Great Power Rivalry A Critical Review of Security Consequences and the Evidence Threshold" International Journal of Computer Science and Engineering Development, V1(2): Page(01-07) May-June 2026. ISSN: 3139-0862. www.ijcsed.com. Published by Scientific and Academic Research Publishing.